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Study, Disseminate and Implement the Guiding Principles of the 18th CPC National Congress

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Study, Disseminate and Implement

the Guiding Principles

of the 18th CPC National Congress

November 17, 2012

    The political report to the 18th National Congress of the CPC has charted a grand blueprint for bringing about a moderately prosperous social club in all respects, ii accelerating socialist modernization, and achieving new victories for socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new historic circumstances. It is a political proclamation and activeness program with which our Party will rally and lead the Chinese people of all indigenous groups in marching along the path of Chinese socialism and complete the building of a moderately prosperous club in all respects. It guides the work of the current central leadership. The CPC Cardinal Committee has issued a find on conscientiously studying, disseminating and implementing the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress, and Political party committees at all levels should strictly comply with the notice.

    It was emphasized at the 18th National Congress that nosotros should uphold socialism with Chinese characteristics, that the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the central achievement fabricated past the Political party and the people during the backbreaking struggle over the by ninety years, and that we must cherish what has been achieved and never deviate from it merely rather proceed to enrich information technology. The Congress has called on the whole Party to explore and chief the laws of socialism with Chinese characteristics, ensure that the Party is e'er full of vigor and that People's republic of china never lacks the driving strength for evolution, and that we must strive for a bright future for developing Red china's socialism. In fact, adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics was the theme of the political report to the 18th National Congress. Nosotros must e'er stick to this theme, proceed to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, and piece of work difficult to reach the goal. This will enable us to study, understand and implement the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress more than thoroughly, completely and conscientiously.

    Why have I emphasized this? Because merely socialism can salvage Prc, and merely Chinese socialism can atomic number 82 our country to development – a fact that has been fully proved through the long-term practice of the Political party and the land. Simply by upholding socialism with Chinese characteristics can we bring together and lead the whole Party, the whole nation and the people of all ethnic groups in realizing a moderately prosperous society by the centenary of the CPC in 2021 and in turning China into a prosperous, autonomous, culturally avant-garde and harmonious modern socialist state by the centenary of the People's Commonwealth of Prc in 2049, so as to ensure the people greater happiness and the nation a brighter futurity.

    To study, disseminate and implement the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress with accent on adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, in my opinion, it is important to pay particular attending to the following areas when applying theory to practice:

    Offset, nosotros must empathize that socialism with Chinese characteristics is a key accomplishment fabricated by the Political party and the people during long-term practice. China's socialist organisation was pioneered in the new era of reform and opening up, and it is an outcome of the Party's painstaking efforts. It was accomplished by the whole Party and whole people, nether several generations of the Party's central collective leadership, through numerous trials and tenacious efforts at all costs. Relying closely on the people, our Party lowered the curtain, once and for all, on a poor and weak land that had suffered from both domestic turmoil and foreign aggression since the advent of modernistic times, and fabricated an epic move towards the steady growth, development and renewal of the Chinese nation. It has thus enabled Prc, a country with a culture of over 5,000 years, to stand firm among the nations of the earth.

    We must e'er remember the historic contribution made by the Party'southward three generations of central collective leadership and the Party Fundamental Commission with Comrade Hu Jintao iii as full general secretarial assistant to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The kickoff generation of the key collective leadership with Mao Zedong four as the core provided invaluable feel equally well as the theoretical and material basis for the great initiative of edifice socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new celebrated period. The second generation with Deng Xiaoping v equally the core started the edifice of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The third generation with Jiang Zemin 6 as the core avant-garde socialism with Chinese characteristics into the 21st century, followed by Hu Jintao as general secretary of the Central Committee who adhered to and adult socialism with Chinese characteristics from a new historic starting signal. It goes without proverb that socialism with Chinese characteristics encapsulates the ethics and explorations of generations of Chinese Communists, embodies the aspirations of countless patriots and revolutionary martyrs, and crystallizes the struggles and sacrifices of the myriads of the Chinese people. It is a natural option for the development of Chinese society in modern times, and it is the only way to bring most the country'southward development and stability.

    Facts testify that Chinese socialism is a banner of unity, endeavor and victory for the CPC and the Chinese people as a whole. We must always uphold socialism with Chinese characteristics and firmly adhere to and develop Chinese socialism in order to bring nigh a moderately prosperous order in all respects, advance socialist modernization and achieve the great renewal of the Chinese nation. This is the very reason why the 18th National Congress has called on the whole Political party to take total conviction in the path, theory and system of Chinese socialism.

    Second, we must thoroughly empathize that socialism with Chinese characteristics consists of a path, theory and organization. The 18th National Congress expounded on the scientific significant of the path, theory and organisation of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the relationships betwixt the three. The Congress stressed that the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a style to reach the goal, the theory offers a guide to action, and the system provides a fundamental guarantee. All three serve the great crusade of building Chinese socialism. This is the most salient feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

    This decision reveals that socialism with Chinese characteristics incorporates practise, theory and system. It synthesizes successful experience in practice into theories, uses these correct theories to guide new practices and incorporates effective principles and policies into Party and national systems. That is why socialism with Chinese characteristics is special – in its path, theory and system; in the intrinsic interaction between the way of realizing the goal, guide to activeness and key guarantee; and in that all three serve the dandy practice of building Chinese socialism. In present-twenty-four hours China, adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics means upholding socialism in its truthful sense.

    The path of Chinese socialism is the only manner to accomplish Cathay'south socialist modernization and create a meliorate life. This path takes economic development as the primal chore, and brings forth economic, political, cultural, social, ecological and other forms of progress. It adheres to both the Iv Primal Principles seven and the reform and opening-upwards policy. Information technology entails farther releasing and developing the productive forces, and achieving prosperity for all and the well-rounded development of everyone.

    The theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the latest accomplishment in adapting Marxism 8 to China's weather condition. It incorporates Deng Xiaoping Theory 9 , the important thought of the Three Represents 10 and the Scientific Outlook on Evolution xi . It has inherited, connected and creatively developed Marxism-Leninism 12 and Mao Zedong Thought 13 . We should not abandon Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought; otherwise, we would be deprived of our foundation. Moreover, we must focus our work on the practical problems in reform, opening upward and modernization, and on our various endeavors, with a view to the awarding of Marxist theory, theoretical thinking on practical problems, and initiation of new exercise for development. In contemporary China upholding the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics means upholding Marxism in its true sense.

    The socialist arrangement with Chinese characteristics integrates the fundamental political system 14 , the bones political systems 15 , the bones economic organization 16 and other systems and mechanisms. It combines national and local democratic systems, the Political party'south leadership, the position of the people as masters of the country, and law-based governance. This system conforms to the national conditions in Communist china, showcases the special traits and strengths of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and provides a fundamental systemic guarantee for China'south development.

    The socialist system with Chinese characteristics is unique and effective. However, we should be enlightened that it is not perfect or fully performance. The Chinese socialist organization needs to meliorate to go along in step with the development of the socialist crusade with Chinese characteristics. During his inspection tour of southern China in 1992 Deng Xiaoping pointed out, "Information technology volition probably have another thirty years for us to develop a more mature and well-defined system in every field." 17 Information technology was emphasized at the 18th National Congress that information technology is imperative to give top priority to the building of systems while giving full play to the superiority of the socialist political organization in China. We must improve current systems and promote institutional innovation with theoretical innovation based on practice. We must proceed from reality, formulate new systems in a timely style, and put in place a well-developed, systematically and rationally regulated, and effective framework of systems to ensure that all systems and institutions are working properly and performance well, and thereby provide a more effective institutional guarantee for new victories.

    Third, we must accept an in-depth agreement of the bones foundation, overall planning and main mandate of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. It was emphasized at the 18th National Congress that the basic foundation for building socialism with Chinese characteristics is that China is in the primary stage of socialism 18 , that its overall program is to seek economical, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, and that its chief objective is to attain socialist modernization and rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The foundation, program and objective are succinctly and pointedly defined. A amend agreement and grasp of these new definitions will assist the states get to the essence and essentials of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

    It is important to stress the bones foundation of China being in the principal stage of socialism. This is the paramount reality and the virtually of import national condition in contemporary People's republic of china. We must always bear it in listen and promote reform and development in all respects on the basis of this very reality. It is imperative non but in accelerating the economy, but besides in speeding up political, cultural, social and ecological evolution; not only when our economic system was small, merely besides when it is big; and non just when planning long-term evolution, merely also during daily work. The Political party's basic line for the principal stage of socialism is the lifeline of the Party and the state. In do we must firmly adhere to "1 key task, two basic points," 19 neither deviating from the "1 cardinal task" nor neglecting the "ii basic points." We must prefer a holistic approach to the realization of the mutual ideal of building Chinese socialism and the long-term goal of realizing communism, stand firm confronting various erroneous views aimed at abandoning socialism, and rectify all erroneous and unrealistic mindsets, policies and measures that go beyond the current master stage of socialism. This will proceed us from being either self-abased or over-confident, and enable us to accomplish new victories for China'south socialism.

    We give meridian priority to overall planning, simply because nosotros must achieve all-circular development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The most important thing for our Party is to govern the land well and rejuvenate the nation. The Party must always stand for the requirements for developing the advanced productive forces. We must focus on economic development and promote coordinated political, cultural, social and ecological development on the footing of economical growth. Equally China steps forrard socially and economically, it has become increasingly significant to pursue ecological progress. The 18th National Congress included ecological progress in its overall plan for building Chinese socialism, thus highlighting the strategic importance of ecological progress and making it possible to incorporate ecological efforts into those for economical, political, cultural and social progress in all respects and throughout the whole process. This is an of import practical and theoretical achievement of our Political party in our understanding of the law of building socialism. We must carry out the overall program, pursue coordinated development in all areas of our modernization drive, and promote harmony between the relationships of production and the productive forces, and betwixt the superstructure and the economical base.

    We pay close attention to the main objective because the CPC has shouldered the celebrated mission of rejuvenating the Chinese nation ever since its founding. The very purpose of the Political party in leading the Chinese people in revolution, development and reform is to make the people prosperous and the country potent, and rejuvenate the Chinese nation. According to the three-step strategic program for modernization 20 , information technology is the goal of our Political party and state to build a prosperous, strong, autonomous, culturally avant-garde and harmonious modern socialist country during the primary stage of socialism. The historic mission of our Party, the fundamental purpose of reform and opening up, and the goal of our country all converge in the main objective and are besides derived from it. This is an objective for which we should never relax our efforts, nor should our future generations.

    During different historical periods our Political party has always been able to put forth inspirational goals in line with the will of the people and the needs of our development, and lead the people in achieving those goals. In response to both domestic and international changes and new economic and social developments in Cathay, and living upwardly to the new expectations of the people, the 18th National Congress revised the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, with a clearer policy guidance, greater inclination towards development problems, and better responses to the people's expectations. The updated goal is coherent with those ready at the Political party's 16th and 17th national congresses, and in line with the overall program for the crusade of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The whole Party and the state must human activity with one mind, work in a down-to-earth style, be creative and pioneering, and forge alee in realizing a moderately prosperous lodge in all respects, and continuing reform and opening upwards in all areas – the two goals gear up at the 18th National Congress.

    4th, we must have a thorough knowledge of the bones requirements for achieving new victories for Chinese socialism, which the 18th National Congress identified and which we must fulfill with firm decision in the new celebrated circumstances. These requirements are based on 6 decades of our experience in building socialism, peculiarly socialism with Chinese characteristics, and on the Party's basic theories, lines, platforms and experience. They are the essentials that reflect the laws of governance past the CPC, laws of edifice socialism, and laws of the development of human club. They are testimony to the new understanding past our Party of the laws of Chinese socialism.

    The basic requirements set forth at the 18th National Congress reply the question of how to achieve new victories for Chinese socialism on the new celebrated journey. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a cause for the people in their hundreds of millions – this is why we must give total play to the office of the people as the masters of the country. Freeing and developing the productive forces is a fundamental task of Chinese socialism – this is why we must focus on economic development and pursue a people-oriented, all-circular, coordinated, proper and sustainable development. Reform and opening up is the just way leading to Chinese socialism – this is why we must always apply the spirit of reform and innovation to all aspects of governance, and continuously promote the cocky-improvement and development of China's socialist organization. Fairness and justice are inherent requirements of Chinese socialism – this is why we must, relying on the concerted efforts of all the Chinese people and based on economic and social development, double our efforts to develop institutions that are vital to ensuring social fairness and justice, and institute in due course a system for guaranteeing social equity. Common prosperity is the fundamental principle of Chinese socialism – this is why we must ensure that all the people share the fruits of development in a fair way, and move steadily towards common prosperity. Social harmony is an inherent attribute of Chinese socialism – this is why we must rally all the forces that can exist rallied, maximize the factors for harmony, stimulate the artistic vitality of society, and ensure that the people pb a happy, stable life and the state enjoys indelible peace. Peaceful evolution is an inevitable prerequisite of Chinese socialism – this is why we must pursue development through opening upwards and cooperation to benefit all, expand areas of mutual interests with all others and build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity together with other countries. The CPC is the core leadership for the cause of Chinese socialism – this is why we must heighten and improve the Party'due south leadership and give full play to its leading and core role in exercising overall leadership and analogous the efforts of all.

    The basic requirements set up along at the 18th National Congress positively responded to the need of addressing pressing issues in People's republic of china'due south economic and social development, the challenges in the difficult in-depth reforms and in speeding up the transformation of the growth model, and the sensitive issues that officials and the general public are especially concerned virtually. They have also given us good guidance on how to pursue reform, development and stability, handle national defense force and domestic and foreign affairs, and run the Party, the country and the war machine in this decisive phase at which Cathay is striving to realize a moderately prosperous gild in all respects. These basic requirements cover many areas – the productive forces and relations of production, the economic base and the superstructure, the great crusade of Chinese socialism and the new undertaking of Party edifice, and a holistic arroyo to both the domestic and international situations. The 18th National Congress stuck close to and fully reflected these basic requirements in making plans and arrangements for deportment in various areas. If we truly see all the bones requirements we will exist able to puddle our strength more effectively, overcome all difficulties, pursue balanced, proper and coordinated development, promote social harmony and improve our people'southward lives. And then we can complete the glorious and backbreaking tasks bestowed past the times.

    Fifth, we must fully understand why nosotros demand to ensure that the CPC is always the firm core leadership guiding the crusade of Chinese socialism. It was emphasized at the 18th National Congress that the CPC shoulders the great responsibility for bringing together and leading the people in edifice a moderately prosperous society in all respects, in advancing socialist modernization and in achieving the great renewal of the Chinese nation. The Party's forcefulness and its shut ties with the people have ensured Mainland china prosperity and stability, and the Chinese people peace and happiness. The new developments, the demand for progress in our crusade and the people'due south expectations have all made it imperative for us to conduct out the great new undertaking of Party edifice in the spirit of reform and innovation, and upgrade our efforts in all respects to a new level. To run the land well we must first run the Party well, and to run the Party well we must run it strictly. For this purpose, the 18th National Congress set along the overall requirements for systematic Party building in the new circumstances, and spelled out the specific tasks involved. The whole Party must learn and sympathise them, and implement them to the letter.

    The overall requirements for Party edifice set forth at the 18th National Congress are derived from the need to inherit and develop the fundamentals that take shored upwardly the avant-garde nature of our Party, a Marxist party, for over ninety years. They respond to changes in the world, in our country and inside our Party. Over the years nosotros take been pressing ahead with the new job of Party building in all respects. The Party has enhanced its governing capabilities, preserved and improved its pioneering nature and purity, and strengthened and improved its leadership. Nonetheless, in view of the need to manage changes in domestic and international atmospheric condition, and to accomplish its historic mission, there is however considerable room for our Party to meliorate its art of leadership, governing capacity and system, and the quality, competence, and practices of its members and officials. Political party building in the new circumstances, in particular, faces "four tests" 21 and "iv risks," 22 which makes it more difficult and pressing to ensure that the Party properly manages its own affairs and strictly disciplines itself. All Party members must heighten their sense of urgency and responsibility, focus on the overall requirements of Political party building, steadily improve the Party'southward art of leadership and governance, and enhance its ability to resist corruption, preclude degeneration and ward off corruption risks, and then that our Party may always remain ahead of the times in its historic journey accompanied past profound changes worldwide, always act equally the courage of the Chinese people in its historic response to domestic and international risks and tests of all kinds, and always be the strong core leadership in the celebrated journey to adhere to and develop Chinese socialism.

    It has ever been the foundation for the lifeline and pursuit of all Communists to have full conviction in ideals and business firm organized religion in communism. Belief in Marxism and religion in socialism and communism are the political soul of Communists, enabling them to withstand all tests. Put figuratively, the ideals and convictions of Communists are the marrow of their religion. Without, or with weak, ideals or convictions, they would be deprived of their marrow and suffer from "lack
of backbone." This has been proved truthful by the cases of some Political party members and officials who acted improperly due to lack of ethics and confused faith. All Party members, in accordance with the plans set at the 18th National Congress, must earnestly study and implement the organization of socialist theories with Chinese characteristics, especially the Scientific Outlook on Development, reflect Party awareness in their actions, observe moral standards, set good examples and work hard for the common goal of realizing Chinese socialism.

    Maintaining close ties between the Political party and the people and between officials and individuals has always been the basis of our success. Facts testify that the future and destiny of a political political party and government depend on popular support. If nosotros stray from the people and lose their support nosotros will end upwards in failure. We must bear in mind the new characteristics and requirements for public work in the new circumstances. Nosotros must organize our people, communicate with them, educate them, serve them, learn from them, and subject ourselves to their oversight. We should always be role of the people, work for their interests, and maintain close ties and share good and bad times with them. We should draw wisdom and strength from their great do; deliver more concrete services to the people that run across their needs, salvage their burdens and benefit their lives; and put a stop to all acts that prejudice their interests. The 18th National Congress put frontward the idea of carrying out an all-encompassing program throughout the Party to heighten sensation of and implement the Political party's mass line 23 , with the focus on serving the people and staying businesslike and honest. The CPC Central Committee will make specific arrangements for this program, and Party committees at all levels should implement them, solve pressing problems of major concern to the people and make the program a success.

    Information technology has always been the CPC's consistent and clear political position to combat corruption, promote political integrity and proceed the Party good for you. Building a fine Political party culture and a abuse-gratuitous Party is a major political issue of corking business organization to the people. "Worms can only grow in something rotten." 24 In recent years, long-pent-up problems in some countries have led to resentment amidst the people, unrest in society and the downfall of governments, with corruption being a major culprit. Facts prove that if corruption is allowed to spread, it will eventually lead to the destruction of a party and the fall of a government. We must keep up our vigilance. Serious violations of Party field of study and state laws that have occurred inside our Party during the past few years are of a vile nature and accept produced shockingly harmful political consequences. Party committees at all levels must firmly oppose and gainsay corruption, and preclude and crevice down on information technology more effectively to ensure that all officials are honest and upright, governments clean and incorruptible, and Communists of political integrity. Officials at all levels, peculiarly high-ranking officials, must conscientiously discover the code of conduct. They should exercise strict self-discipline, strengthen education and restrain their family and firsthand staff. It is absolutely impermissible to abuse one's power for personal gain or to seek privileges. All violations of Political party discipline and state laws must exist punished without exception, and nosotros shall not be soft in dealing with them.

    The 18th National Congress pointed out that developing Chinese socialism is a long-term arduous chore of historic importance, and that we must be prepared for a great struggle with many new historic features. All Party members must make strenuous efforts with house confidence and unswervingly develop socialism with Chinese characteristics in a pioneering spirit. We must proceed improving the practise and theory of Chinese socialism in line with the national features in a timely way. We must bring together and lead the Chinese people of all ethnic groups in accomplishing goals and tasks for a moderately prosperous club in all respects. We must continue to work for the three historic missions of modernization, reunification of the motherland, and globe peace and the common development of all nations. These are missions of historic importance that accept been bestowed on our generation of Communists, and to which we must dedicate all our wisdom and strength.

    (Speech at the first group study session 1 of the Political Bureau of the 18th CPC Central Committee which Xi presided over.)

Notes

1 The Political Bureau of the CPC Primal Committee holds regular study sessions. The sessions are presided over and addressed by the full general secretary of the Central Committee, and attended by all members of the Political Bureau. Leaders of relevant departments, experts and scholars are invited to lecture on economics, political science, history, civilization, social affairs, science and engineering, military and international affairs.

2 The 18th National Congress of the CPC put forward the accomplishment of the goal of bringing about a moderately prosperous society in all respects past 2020. The primary elements of the goal are good for you and sustainable economical development with both the GDP and per capita income for urban and rural residents doubling those of 2010; expanded people'south commonwealth; significantly improved cultural soft power; substantially improved people's living standards; and major progress in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.

iii Hu Jintao, born in 1942, was general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, president of the People'south Republic of China, chairman of the Fundamental Armed forces Commission of the CPC, and chairman of the Cardinal Military Commission of the People's Republic of China. He is the principal founder of the Scientific Outlookon Development.

iv Mao Zedong (1893-1976) was a Marxist, Chinese proletarian revolutionary, military strategist and theorist. He was one of the main founders of the CPC, the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the People's Commonwealth of Communist china, and the leader of the Chinese people. He was also the progenitor of Mao Zedong Idea.

5 Deng Xiaoping (1904-1997) was a Marxist, Chinese proletarian revolutionary, statesman, military strategist and groovy diplomat. He was an outstanding leader of the CPC, the Chinese People's Liberation Regular army and the People'southward Commonwealth of China. He was the chief builder of China's socialist reform and opening up and modernization drive, and the main founder of Deng Xiaoping Theory.

6 Jiang Zemin, born in 1926, was general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, president of the People's Republic of China, chairman of the Central Military machine Commission of the CPC, and chairman of the Central War machine Commission of the People's Republic of China. He is the primary founder of the important thought of the Three Represents.

7 The Four Cardinal Principles refer to the principles of adhering to the socialist path, the people's democratic dictatorship, the leadership of the CPC, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. The Four Cardinal Principles are the foundation of the land, and the political cornerstone for the survival and development of the Party and the state.

viii Marxism is a organization of theories initiated past Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, including the scientific worldview, the interpretation of social and historical development, the theory of proletarian revolution, and the theory of building socialism and communism. Information technology is the theoretical basis and guiding thought of the working form and its political party. Initiated in the 1840s, information technology was the consequence of intensified capitalist conflicts and growing workers' movements. It has three components, namely, Marxist philosophy, political economics and scientific socialism. In the late 19th century and the early 20th century, when capitalism entered the phase of monopoly which would exist imperialism, Vladimir Lenin drew on the feel of the proletarian revolution and socialist construction in Russia, and creatively upgraded Marxism to a new phase – Leninism. Since its founding in 1921 the CPC has solemnly marked its banner with Marxism-Leninism, innovatively applied the bones principles of Marxism-Leninism to the practice of Chinese revolution, socialist construction and reform, enriched and developed Marxism-Leninism, and generated the theoretical fruits of sinicized Marxism – Mao Zedong Thought and the system of theories of Chinese socialism that both carry on Marxism-Leninism and advance with the times.

9 Deng Xiaoping Theory is an important component of the organisation of theories of Chinese socialism, and the guiding idea of the CPC. For the first fourth dimension, Deng Xiaoping Theory systematically answered a series of basic questions concerning the edifice of socialism in economically and culturally backward Red china, and the consolidation and evolution of socialism at that place. The primary proponent was Deng Xiaoping.

x The important thought of the Iii Represents is a major component of the organization of theories of Chinese socialism, and the guiding thought of the CPC. This theory emphasizes that the CPC must always stand for the requirements for developing China'due south avant-garde productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming bulk of the Chinese people. The principal proponent is Jiang Zemin.

11 The Scientific Outlook on Development is an of import component of the arrangement of theories of Chinese socialism, and the guiding thought of the CPC. It gives acme priority to development, puts people first and seeks all-effectually, balanced and sustainable development with a holistic arroyo. The chief proponent is Hu Jintao.

12 See note 8, p. nineteen.

thirteen Mao Zedong Thought has always been the key guiding idea of the CPC. It is a series of theoretical summarizations and conclusions that Chinese Communists represented by Mao Zedong drew from their unique experiences in Cathay'south revolution and development in accord with the bones tenets of Marxism. It includes right theories, principles and systems of scientific thinking on China'due south revolution and development which have been attested by facts. It is the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the CPC, and the principal proponent is Mao Zedong.

xiv The fundamental political system refers to the system of people's congresses, which is the organizational form of the political power of the People's Republic of Red china. According to the system, the people elect deputies to the National People's Congress (NPC) and local people's congresses that are the organs in which the people exercise state power. The NPC is the highest organ of state power, and has the right to better the Constitution, enact laws and determine on major bug apropos the country. Local people's congresses at all levels are local organs of state power, which make up one's mind on major bug in their localities within the power bestowed on them by the Constitution and laws.

15 The bones political systems include the system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation, the organisation of regional ethnic autonomy and the system of community-level self-governance. The organization of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation refers to the organisation of consultation on political matters among the CPC, other political parties and personages with no party affiliation. The system of regional indigenous autonomy refers to the exercise of regional autonomy in areas inhabited by minority ethnic groups in compact communities nether unified state leadership, where autonomy is exercised by organs of self-government. The system of community-level self-governance is a form of people's participation in the direction of land and social affairs. Neighborhood committees and hamlet committees set up in urban and rural areas, respectively, are the self-governance organizations of the people in their own residential areas.

16 The bones economical system refers to the economical system in which public buying is ascendant and various forms of ownership develop next.

17 Deng Xiaoping: "Excerpts from Talks Given in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shanghai," Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Book III, Eng. ed., Strange Languages Press, Beijing, 1994, p. 360.

18 The main stage of socialism is a detail historical stage in the building of Chinese socialism. It refers to the historical stage in which Prc has gradually come up out of under-development and will take more often than not realized socialist modernization. It will take at least 100 years to take shape from the completion of the socialist transformation of the private ownership of the means of product in the 1950s to the completion of socialist modernization.

nineteen "One primal task, two basic points" is the main content of the CPC's basic guideline in the primary phase of socialism. The "ane primal task" refers to economic development, while the "two bones points" are the Four Central Principles and the reform and opening-up policy.

 20 The three-step strategic plan for modernization refers to China'due south development strategy for realizing initial modernization in three steps. The 13th CPC National Congress in 1987 proposed doubling the 1980 GNP by the end of the 1980s and ensuring that the people would have acceptable food and article of clothing as the first step; doubling the 1990 GNP by the terminate of the 20th century and ensuring the people a moderately prosperous life equally the second step; and increasing the per capita GNP level to that of moderately developed countries, ensuring the people a relatively affluent life, and realizing modernization by and large by the middle of the 21st century every bit the 3rd step.

21 The "four tests" refer to the tests of exercising governance, carrying out reform and opening upwardly, developing the market place economy and responding to external evolution.

22 The "iv risks" refer to the risks of inertia, incompetence, being divorced from the people, and corruption and other negative phenomena.

23 The program to heighten awareness of and implement the Party's mass line has been carried out throughout the CPC since its 18th National Congress in social club to maintain the CPC's advanced nature and purity. The program focuses on serving the people and edifice a clean government. Priorities are given to leading organs, leading groups and leading officials at and above the county level. It aims to heighten education of all Party members in the Marxist mass viewpoint and the Party's mass line, and solve such problems as going through the motions, excessive hierarchy, self-indulgence, and extravagance that are of grave concern to the people. The campaign was launched in late 2013 and has been unfolded in two sessions from the top down.

24 Su Shi: On Xiang Yu and Fan Zeng. Su Shi (1036-1101), too known equally Su Dongpo, was a famed poet, calligrapher and painter in the Vocal Dynasty (960-1279).

Source: Foreign Languages PressEditor:

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